Manila, March 28 (TIWN) The Philippines and the US on Monday began their large-scale annual joint military drills in the Southeast Asian country.

The participants in the exercise, codenamed Balikatan 2022, include 3,800 Filipino and 5,100 US military personnel, as well as observers from various armed forces in the region, reports Xinhua news agency.  As the largest iteration of the Philippines-US joint drills since 2015, Balikatan 2022 will be conducted across the main Luzon island until April 8.  According to the military, the drills will focus on "maritime security, amphibious operations, live-fire training, urban operations, aviation operations, counterterrorism, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief".  It also includes a command post exercise that tests both forces' ability to plan, command and communicate in a simulated environment.  Balikatan, a Tagalog phrase for "shoulder-to-shoulder". is the most comprehensive among several regular Philippines-US joint military exercises.  The Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) gives US troops a legal basis to be in the Southeast Asian country for bilateral exercises, and governs the conduct of American armed force personnel.  However, some Philippine politicians have expressed their concerns that the large-scale military exercise might threaten regional security.  Presidential candidate and labor leader Ka Leody de Guzman said he is "uncomfortable" with the Balikatan military training exercise, calling it "provocative".  He said the Philippines should pursue an independent foreign policy, stressing that the country should not be a "pawn".