New Delhi, Oct 8 : Recent developments in animal cruelty laws in India have taken a centre stage as the nation grapples with the need to protect its rich biodiversity, including iconic species like the Indian Rhinoceros and Bengal Tigers.

Several key legislations, such as the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act of 1960 and the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, establish animal welfare as a fundamental obligation under the Indian Constitution. However, there are pressing concerns regarding the effectiveness of these laws in addressing rampant animal cruelty.  "One major issue is the outdated penalties for animal cruelty, which have remained unchanged for six decades, ranging from Rs 10 to Rs 50 for first-time offenders. This ineffectual deterrent has led to instances where individuals accused of heinous acts against animals often escape punishment," Advocate Akankshya Misra said.